This part is under development.

The mixing of soil layers mixing after ploughing was simulated by Colbach et al. (2000) and improved by Roger-Estrade et al. (2001) to include the presence of a skim coulter. The action of the plough is showed assuming the final angle (α) of the furrow with respect to the soil depends only on the ratio of the width (l) and the tillage depth (d) of the plough: α=arcsen(d/l). On the base of trigonometrical considerations it is possible to calculate the coordinates of every points, after the plough action, in function of the ones calculated before.

In the model the number of slivers is quite difficult to be estimated. Its value ranges from 2 to 8 slivers (Colbach et al., 2000). The number depends on the soil type, soil structure, soil water content and moldboard type of the plough.

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